jurisdiction · Reviewed Aug 4, 2026

Independent cities* research method

Edited by Avery J. Parker · Virginia Genealogy · Last reviewed August 4, 2026 · Continuously operated research hub (1997-origin site)

Virginia’s unique city jurisdictions—how to avoid the same-name county trap.

Independent cities keep separate deed, will, and court series. On this site they are marked with an asterisk (*).

Richmond* ≠ Richmond County (Northern Neck)
Roanoke* ≠ Roanoke County
Fairfax City* ≠ Fairfax County
Charles City and James City are counties despite “city” in the name

Always match the event year to the correct city or county office, including annexation/consolidation eras (e.g., Virginia Beach* / Princess Anne; Chesapeake* / Norfolk County).

Browse all jurisdictions · formation guide.